Evaluation of Agronomic Practices and Quality Parameters of Timothy Hay

Production of timothy hay for the export market has been a major growth industry in western Canada over the last 10 years. The effect of annual maintenance applications of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) on timothy yield, persistence, and quality...and the effect of copper (Cu) applications on hay color...is an area that requires supporting data for growth of the industry. The objective of this study is to determine the importance of maintenance fertilizer management on the yield and quality of timothy.

In 2002, a demonstration trial was established in the Outlook area to examine the effect of P applications at 100, 150, and 250 lb P₂O₅/A on irrigated timothy. Positive yield responses to applied P occurred. Soil samples taken in 2003 showed residual P levels of 40 lb in the high, 35 lb in the medium, and 32 lb for the low P rates. Tissue samples were taken just prior to cut 1 and cut 2. Fiber and P levels were identical in all treatments, while crude protein was slightly higher in cut 1 for the high P treatment, likely due to delayed maturity. A small plot trial initiated in 2003 will evaluate timothy hay responses to P applications ranging from 0 to 300 lb P₂O₅/A applied each year. This will provide data to make more precise recommendations on the amount of P required for this high yielding, shallow-rooted crop. SK-33