Soil Nutrient Monitored Village in Jianghuai and Huaibei Districts, Anhui
English
IPNI-2001-CHN-AH21
31 Jan 2007
2006 Annual Interpretive Summary
Soil Nutrient Management in Monitored Village in Jianghuai and Huaibei Districts, Anhui, 2006
Winter wheat and summer maize are the main food and forage crops in the Huaibei Region of Anhui Province. The annual area of winter wheat is 1.512 million (M) ha, while the summer maize area covers 0.432 M ha. Thus, the Huaibeu Region accounts for 74% of winter wheat area and 84% of the summer maize area in the province. Rapeseed is the main oil crop in the Jianghuai hilly region of Anhui and covers 529,000 ha annually or 63% of the rapeseed area in Anhui. Local farm practice relies on high N and P rates and no K, which is resulting in a rapid decline of available soil K, poor yields, and low fertilizer use efficiency. Estimates indicate a 50% adoption rate of balanced fertilization technology within Anhui could increase wheat, maize, and rapeseed production by 500,000, 150,000, and 100,000 t, respectively, representing an extra US$120 million. The Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Anhui implemented field trials within monitored villages in the Huaibei and Jianghuai regions during the 2005/06 season. These field trials included: a fixed-site field trial for K application for a winter wheat/summer maize rotation, a fixed-site field trial for K and P application for a rapeseed/maize rotation, and nine trials on optimum fertilization rates and response in wheat, rapeseed, rice, and maize.
The winter wheat/summer maize trial found a K response in wheat as yield increased from 4,378 (no K) to 5,761 kg/ha (31.6%) with 90 kg K2O/ha, and increased to 6,157 kg/ha (40.6%) with 210 kg K2O/ha. For maize, yields increased from 4,868 kg/ha (no K) to 6,879 kg/ha (41.3%) with 120 kg K2O/ha, and increased to 6,697 kg/ha (37.6%) with 210 kg/ha. Application of K increased net profit by US$259 to US$334/ha in wheat, and by US$320 to US$352/ha in maize. Results from the rapeseed/maize field trial showed similar results. Rapeseed yields increased from 1,808 (no K) to 2,018 kg/ha (11.6%) with 90 kg K2O/ha, and increased to 2,062 kg/ha (14.0%) with 135 kg K2O/ha. Maize yields increased from 5,534 (no K) to 6,076 kg/ha (9.8%) with 120 kg K2O/ha alone, and increased from 6,228 kg/ha with 90 kg P2O5/ha + 120 kg K2O/ha to 6,445 kg/ha with 90 kg P2O5/ha +180 kg K2O/ha (3.5%). Compared to the no K treatment, net income from rapeseed was enhanced from US$73 to US$89/ha due to K fertilization, and similarly, the net profit from maize was increased up to US$95/ha. Compared with the no P treatment, applying 90 kg P2O5/ha raised rapeseed yield from 1,488 (no P) to 1,809 kg/ha (17.7%) with 90 kg P2O5/ha, and maize yield from 6,076 (no P) to 6,228 kg/ha (2.5%) with 90 kg P2O5/ha.
Nutrient omission treatments within a winter wheat field trial at Huaibei determined that yields would decline from a high of 6,281 kg/ha produced with the ‘optimum’ (OPT) recommendation of 165-90-90 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha to 5,543 kg/ha (-11.7%), 5,806 kg/ha (-7.6%) and 5,719 kg/ha (-9.0%) under -N, -P, and -K treatments, respectively. These yield gaps represent net profit losses between US$109 to US$138/ha. A maize trial at Huaibei showed similar results as the OPT treatment of 180-90-90 kg/ha produced 6,971 kg/ha, which was 39%, 10%, 13%, 22%, and 62% higher than the -N, -P, -K, -PK, and -NPK treatments, respectively. The largest yield gap represents a US$340/ha loss. A rapeseed trial at Jianghuai found that the OPT treatment of 165-90-90 kg/ha could produce 2,563 kg/ha, and yields under -N, -P and -K treatments were 58%, 12% and 8% lower. The largest yield gap represents a US$522/ha loss. Lastly, a maize trial at Jianghuai found that the OPT treatment of 165-90-90 kg/ha could produce 6,832 kg/ha, which was 108%, 17%, 14%, 28%, and 126% higher than the -N, -P, -K, -PK, and -NPK treatments. The range of yield gaps due to nutrient omission represent net profit losses of US$139 to US$598/ha. Anhui-NMS-12