Soil Nutrient Monitored Village in Jianghuai and Huaibei Districts, Anhui
English
IPNI-2001-CHN-AH21
28 Jan 2005
2004 Annual Interpretive Summary
Soil Nutrient Management Monitored Villages in Jianghuai and Huaibei Districts in Anhui, 2004
Winter wheat, maize, soybean, and rapeseed continue as the main crops in Anhui Province. Unbalanced fertilization in these crops is one of the most important yield- and quality-limiting factors. Field trials were continued at selected villages and included: a fixed-site potassium (K) trial for a winter wheat-summer maize crop rotation at Huaibei Village; a fixed-site K and phosphorus (P) trial for a rapeseed-maize crop rotation at Jianghuai Village; four trials testing optimal (OPT) fertilization for wheat, rapeseed, soybean, and maize; and six trials testing K application in wheat and rapeseed.
Winter wheat-summer maize---Balanced fertilization efficiently promoted growth in both crops, increased output value, and raised farmer income. Wheat yield increased from 5,000 kg/ha with the - K treatment to a maximum of 6,726 kg/ha (+34%) with 90 kg K2O/ha. Maize yield increased from 5,382 kg/ha with the - K treatment to a maximum of 7,347 kg/ha (+36%) with 120 kg K2O/ha. Potassium application increased net profit by US$243/ha to US$314/ha in wheat, and by US$495/ha to US$600/ha in maize. Value-to-cost (VCR) ratios were increased to a maximum of 12.32 and 15.45 for wheat and maize, respectively.
Rapeseed-maize---Rapeseed yield increased from 2,455 kg/ha with the - K treatment to a maximum of 2,713 kg/ha (+11%) with 135 kg K2O/ha. In maize, yield increased from 5,925 with the - K treatment to 6,860 kg/ha with 180 kg K2O/ha. Net income from either rapeseed or maize improved by as much as US$166/ha due to K fertilization. Compared with the - P treatment, application of 90 kg P2O5/ha raised rapeseed yield by 10% to 2,455 kg/ha; and maize yield increased by 7% to 7,039 kg/ha.
Winter wheat---A field trial at Huaibei found that omission of nitrogen (N), P, or K from an OPT treatment of 180-90-90 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha lowered yields by 14%, 6%, and 10%, respectively. The OPT treatment produced 6,471 kg/ha. Net profits returned from the -N, -P, and -K treatments were US$162/ha, US$20/ha to US$75/ha, and US$30/ha to US$113/ha lower than the OPT.
Soybean---The OPT treatment of 60-90-90 kg/ha produced 2,123 kg/ha, or 12%, 14%, and 16% more than the - N, -P, and - K treatments. Net profits from these omission treatments were US$104/ha, US$109/ha, and US$124/ha lower than the OPT.
Rapeseed---Omission of N, P, or K from the OPT treatment of 165-90-90 kg/ha resulted in 24%, 9%, and 11% yield decreases, respectively. Total yield from the OPT treatment was 2,305 kg/ha, which returned US$201/ha, US$73/ha, and US$102/ha more than the treatments omitting N, P, and K.
Maize---The OPT treatment of 165-90-90 kg/ha produced 6,942 kg/ha, or 16%, 19%, and 11% more than the - N, -P, and -K treatments. Net profits from these three omission treatments were US$171/ha, US$107/ha, and US$117/ha lower than the OPT. Anhui-NMS12