Soil Nutrient Monitored Village in Jianghuai and Huaibei Districts, Anhui
English
IPNI-2001-CHN-AH21
09 Feb 2006
2005 Annual Interpretive Summary
Soil Nutrient Management in Monitored Villages in Jianghuai and Huaibei Districts, 2005
Winter wheat and summer maize are the main grain crops in Huaibei Region of Anhui Province. Winter wheat area consists of 1.5 million ha (M ha), while the summer maize area represents 432,000 ha. Rapeseed is the main oil crop, with a planted area of 529,000 ha. Fertilization of these crops primarily consists of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and little or no potassium (K). Soil K deficiency is significant in all three crops. Field trials included one long-term trial in a winter wheat/summer maize rotation, one trial in a rapeseed-maize rotation, four trials to determine optimum (OPT) fertilization in wheat, rapeseed, soybean, and maize, and two fertilization comparison trials in wheat and rapeseed.
The K application trial for the winter wheat/summer maize rotation found significant promotion of growth, profit, and farmers’ income for both crops. Application of K increased wheat yield from 1.6 t/ha (no K) to 2.8 t/ha (+75%) with 90 kg K2O/ha. In maize, K fertilization increased grain output from 1.5 t/ha (no K) to 4.1 t/ha (+170%) with 120 kg K2O/ha, and to 4.6 t/ha (+206%) with 210 kg K2O/ha. Application of K increased net profit by US$183/ha to US$224/ha for wheat and by US$412/ha to US$500/ha for maize. Results from a rapeseed and maize field trial showed similar results. Rapeseed yield increased from 1.9 t/ha (no K) to 2.1 t/ha (+10.5%) with 90 kg K2O/ha, and to 2.2 t/ha (+14%) with 135 kg K2O/ha. In maize, grain yield increased from 4.8 t/ha (no K) to 5.2 t/ha (+10%) with 120 kg K2O/ha; from 5.5 t/ha (120 kg K2O/ha) to 5.7 t/ha (+4%) with 180 kg K2O/ha. Compared to - K treatment, net income from K application in rapeseed increased by US$20/ha, and in maize profits due to K amounted to US$75/ha. Compared with - P treatment, 90 kg P2O5/ha increased rapeseed yield from 1.6 t/ha (no P) to 1.9 t/ha (+16%) and maize grain yield from 5.2 (no P) to 5.5 t/ha (+5%).
The OPT winter wheat field trial determined 165-90-90 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha to be the most profitable treatment with a yield of 5.7 t/ha. Omission of N, P, or K from the OPT resulted in 14%, 11%, and 12% less yields. Corresponding reductions in profit amounted to US$152/ha, US$112/ha, and US$124/ha. The OPT soybean field trial found that 60-90-90 kg/ha was able to produce the highest yield of 2.4 t/ha. The - N, - P, and - K treatments produced 17%, 14%, and 16% lower yields and profits were US$121/ha, US$105/ha, and US$115/ha less than the OPT. In rapeseed, omission of N, P, and K from the OPT application of 165-90-90 kg/ha, which produced 2.6 t/ha, resulted in 47%, 17%, and 10% yield reductions. The OPT returned US$420/ha, US$156/ha, and US$89/ha more than treatments omitting N, P, and K. Lastly in maize, the OPT of 165-90-90 kg/ha produced 4.1 t/ha, which was 16%, 10%, and 12% higher than the - N, - P, and - K treatments. Profits from the OPT were US$104/ha, US$72/ha, and US$78/ha higher than the - N, - P, and - K treatments.
Balanced fertilization is estimated to increase regional wheat production by 500,000 t, maize by 150,000 t, and rapeseed by 100,000 t. The net gain is estimated at US$123 million if 50% of the area planted were to implement balanced fertilization techniques. Anhui-NMS12